What is the valency of carbon? When carbon possesses three bonds,it does not have a charge; when does such a thing happen and why?

(N/A) The valency of carbon is $4$. When carbon forms three bonds and remains neutral,it is known as a carbon free radical. This happens because the carbon atom possesses one unpaired electron in its $p$-orbital,making it a neutral species despite having only three covalent bonds.